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The main difference i column and shear wall lies in its response to the load applied to it and its functionality.
Column: The primary function of column is to transfer vertical load from top to the bottom. This is basically done by compressive strength of concrete.
Concrete wall: Concrete wall is subjected to load in any direction and in any manner. It is designed based on its functionality i.e. whether load is acting along its length or lateral load along its width or may be vertical load.
Shear wall: Shear wall is mostly provided to resist horizontal force in a building. Force resisted by shear wall is primarily due to its shear strength or shear action. Shear wall is provided with greater dimension in the direction in which force is supposed to be acting. Shear wall is a special type of concrete wall with primary function to resist load by its shear strength.
the direction in which force is supposed to be acting. Shear wall is a special type of concrete wall with primary function to resist load by its shear strength.